Coughing up blood, medically known as haemoptysis, can range from small streaks in sputum to significant bleeding that requires urgent medical attention. When bleeding originates from abnormal or enlarged bronchial arteries, Bronchial Artery Embolisation may be considered as a minimally invasive method to control the source of bleeding.
The procedure is performed by an interventional radiologist using image guidance. A thin catheter is introduced into an artery, commonly through the groin or wrist, and carefully navigated toward the blood vessels supplying the bleeding area. Contrast imaging helps identify abnormal bronchial arteries. Tiny embolic materials are then delivered through the catheter to reduce or stop blood flow through the responsible vessels.
Bronchial artery embolisation may be evaluated in patients experiencing haemoptysis associated with conditions such as:
- Bronchiectasis
- Tuberculosis or its long-term complications
- Certain lung infections
- Abnormal pulmonary or bronchial blood vessels
- Some lung tumours
- Other conditions causing recurrent pulmonary bleeding
One important point is that embolisation addresses the bleeding vessel, but it does not necessarily treat the underlying lung disease. Identifying and managing the condition responsible for haemoptysis remains an important part of ongoing care.
What happens before the procedure?
Patients generally undergo clinical assessment along with relevant blood tests and imaging. CT or CT angiography may be useful for locating the suspected bleeding source and understanding the vascular anatomy.
The interventional radiologist then determines whether embolisation is technically appropriate based on the patient's condition and imaging findings.
What happens afterwards?
After the procedure, patients are monitored for bleeding, access-site problems and other potential complications. Some people may experience temporary chest discomfort. The treating team provides instructions regarding activity, medications and follow-up.
Although bronchial artery embolisation can effectively control bleeding in appropriately selected cases, recurrence can occur, particularly when the underlying disease continues to affect the bronchial circulation. Further assessment or repeat treatment may occasionally be required.
For people in Thane, Maharashtra, access to interventional radiology can provide a catheter-based treatment option when clinically appropriate. At Radiance Clinic, Dr Ashish Sarode, a board-certified vascular and interventional radiologist, evaluates vascular and image-guided treatment options based on imaging, the cause of bleeding and the patient's overall clinical condition.
Haemoptysis should never be assessed only by the amount of blood visible. Repeated episodes, increasing bleeding, breathing difficulty, dizziness or significant blood loss require prompt medical evaluation. The priority is to identify the source, stabilise the patient when necessary and determine the most appropriate treatment for the underlying cause.
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